An epidural hematoma is a blood clot which forms between the skull and the outermost linings of the brain called the dura. The dura is a thick lining that surrounds the brain the spinal cord. Blood which accumulates superficially in this membrane does so in the epidural space. These blood clots can form rapidly from arterial bleeding and lead to severe neurological injuries. Epidural hematomas are more common in children and young adults. With advancing age, the dura becomes more firmly attached to the bone, decreasing the chance of blood accumulating in the epidural space.
Causes of Epidural Hematoma Of The Brain
By far, the leading cause of epidural hematoma is trauma. Fractures of the skull can lead to bleeding in the epidural space. Fractures can also cause lacerations of the arteries that supply the dura, the middle meningeal arteries. Coagulation disorders can also lead to spontaneous hemorrhage into the epidural space or bleeding following insignificant trauma.
Signs and Symptoms of Epidural Hematoma Of The Brain
Expanding epidural hematomas often cause headaches, nausea, and vomiting. As the mass of blood increases in size the brain may become deformed or displaced. Local pressure leads to local brain dysfunction such as weakness, numbness, or speech problems. When the central areas of the brain and the brainstem become displaced, people may lose consciousness and exhibit abnormal posturing of the arms and legs. Irreversible brainstem injury may occur.
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Medical Content Last Updated on 07/12/2008
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