Myelofibrosis is a condition in which the bone marrow cells which produce red cells, white cells and platelets are gradually replaced by fibrous tissue. There are two forms to this disease. In primary myelofibrosis, the disorder usually develops gradually and is most commonly seen in people over 50 years of age. By the time symptoms are recognized, the disease has usually been present for several years. The initial symptoms are usually the reflection of anemia. Secondary myelofibrosis develops from some other disease which damages the bone marrow. It, also, may occur if the bone marrow is exposed to radiation or certain toxins.
Causes of Myelofibrosis
The cause of primary myelofibrosis is unknown. Secondary myelofibrosis has a number of causes. They include, metastatic cancer, tuberculosis, Hodgkin's disease and polycythemia. Certain toxic agents, including benzene, can lead to myelofibrosis. Excessive exposure to radiation can produce myelofibrosis.
Signs and Symptoms of Myelofibrosis
The symptoms are in large part a reflection of decreased production of certain blood cells which come from the bone marrow. Weakness, fatigue and shortness of breath are all a reflection of anemia, or decreased number of red cells. The individual may also appear pale and have loss of appetite. Bleeding and easy bruising is due to inadequate numbers of blood clotting cells. These platelets are essential to allow for the normal control of bleeding that can occur after an injury. Fever and night sweats are thought to be a manifestation of the decreased number of white cells. Jaundice, yellowing of the skin and eyes, occurs secondary to damage to the liver. Swelling and tenderness of the abdomen, usually in the left or right upper abdomen, occurs from enlargement of the liver and spleen. This often occurs as these areas become sites of blood cell production. Joint pain and back pain may, also, occur.
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Medical Content Last Updated on 07/12/2008
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