Arnold Chiari malformation describes a constellation of congenital abnormalities that occur in the brain and spinal cord. The term is generally restricted to describe type 1 and type 2 of the Chiari malformations. There is an extension of a portion of the cerebellum into the upper portion of the cervical spinal canal. A portion of the medulla, or lowest portion of the brainstem, is also displaced into the spinal canal. Type 1 and Type 2 describe these abnormalities with or without the association of a myelomeningocele.
Causes of Arnold Chiari Malformation
The cause of Arnold-Chiari malformation is unknown.
Signs and Symptoms of Arnold Chiari Malformation
Infants born with a myelomeningocele often have associated Arnold Chiari malformation. When these children survive into adolescence, they often have difficulty with breathing, facial weakness, double vision or deafness. Type 1 Arnold Chiari malformation occurs mostly in adolescents or adults. There may be headaches, nausea, and vomiting. Movements may become uncertain or uncoordinated. If syringomyelia forms, a cavity within the spinal cord, weakness or atrophy of the hands and arms may occur. There can be loss of sensation for pain and temperature.
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Medical Content Last Updated on 07/12/2008
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