Glaucoma is a disorder in which the pressure within the eyeball is increased. It results from an excess of fluid within the front of the eye, the aqueous humor. Normally, about one teaspoon of fluid is produced in the front of the eye. It circulates and is absorbed. When this balance is upset, pressure may build up in the eye. There are two forms of glaucoma: open angle and closed angle. Open angle accounts for 90% of cases. It is a slow process, usually with no symptoms for long periods of time. Conversely, closed angle glaucoma is rare but produces sudden, severe symptoms. Both types of glaucoma may damage the optic nerve and lead to loss of vision.
Causes of Glaucoma
Open angle glaucoma is thought to be caused by an imbalance in the production and circulation and absorption of the aqueous humor. Closed angle glaucoma is caused by a sudden blockage near the iris, or colored portion of the eye, the prevents aqueous humor from reaching the area where it can be absorbed.
Signs and Symptoms of Glaucoma
Open angle glaucoma usually produces slow loss of peripheral vision. There are often blind spots. Closed angle glaucoma usually produce sudden eye pain or headache. There may be nausea and vomiting. The eye is red, and there is blurred vision. Colored halos appear around bright objects.
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Medical Content Last Updated on 07/12/2008
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