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Basilar Skull Fracture
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Overview of Basilar Skull Fracture 
Basilar skull fractures involve the base of the skull. Fractures which occur in this area can disrupt the linings of the brain and lead to cerebrospinal fluid leaks. The cranial nerves which supply the structures of the face and head can be injured as they pass through openings in the skull. By creating an opening from the structures of the ear, sinuses, and oral cavity, bacteria can gain entry into the brain.
Causes of Basilar Skull Fracture
The majority of basilar skull fractures are the result of trauma. Occasionally tumors may disrupt the skull base and make that area more subject to injury from mild trauma.
Signs and Symptoms of Basilar Skull Fracture
Basilar skull fractures usually involve the bone over the eyes or the bone immediately above the structures involved with hearing and balance.
In either case, cerebrospinal fluid leaks can develop, where clear fluid drains out the nose, ear or down the throat. If bacteria gain entry into the brain through these openings, meningitis, fever, a stiff neck, and a variety of neurological symptoms may occur.
When the fracture involves one of the sinuses, infection of the sinus can occur. If the sinus lining becomes disrupted, a mucocele can develop as mucus secreted cannot drain and forms an enlarging mass.
Fractures involving the skull base near the ear, the petrous bone, may lead to loss of hearing, dizziness and vertigo and facial weakness or paralysis.
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Medical Content Last Updated on 07/12/2008
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