Typhoid fever is a bacterial infection of the gastrointestinal tract. The disease rarely occurs in developed countries. It is most commonly seen in countries with poor sanitary conditions and contaminated water supplies. Infants and persons over 60 usually have the severest cases.
Causes of Typhoid Fever
Typhoid fever is caused by infection with Salmonella typhi. It is a bacteria found in infected animals and transmitted to persons in contaminated food or fluids. It is most often found in countries with poor sanitary conditions or contaminated water supplies. Boiling water and thoroughly cooking food can kill the microorganism. The infection can also be spread asymptomatic carriers. These are people who have the bacteria in their gastrointestinal tract, but do not have symptoms.
Signs and Symptoms of Typhoid Fever
The symptoms may occur rapidly, particularly in children. However, in adults, they usually come on slowly. Headache, fatigue and general aches and pains develop. Sore throat and cough are common. Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea can occur. Fever develops, usually higher in the evening. The second stage of the infection occurs 7-10 days following the onset of symptoms. Continuous fever develops along with severe diarrhea or severe constipation. The infected person appears exhausted. A rose colored skin rash may develop on the chest, abdomen and the back. Complications can lead to gastrointestinal bleeding. This can lead to blood in the stool or black, tarry stools. This can produce anemia and shock, with increasing weakness, shortness of breath, pallor and exercise intolerance.
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Medical Content Last Updated on 07/12/2008
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