The thoracic outlet is the region where neurovascular structures exit the chest. It is composed of the first rib, the subclavian artery and vein, the brachial plexus and the upper part of the lung. Thoracic-outlet obstruction results in pain and weakness from compression of nerves in the neck that affect the shoulders, arms and hands. It occurs more often in women between ages 35 and 55.
Causes of Thoracic-outlet -obstruction Syndrome
Compression of the lower trunk of the brachial plexus may occur if there is an anomalous band connecting the first rib and the transverse process of the seventh cervical vertebra. The subclavian artery may be compresses by the first cervical rib. Damage to the artery can lead to the development of blood clots in the arm. Pressure on the neurovascular structures may also be caused by overdeveloped neck muscles, muscle weakness and drooping in the shoulder, Injury from overextending the arm or shoulder, or a tumor that has spread to the head and neck area from another part of the body, can both lead to thoracic outlet syndrome.
Signs and Symptoms of Thoracic-outlet -obstruction Syndrome
Thoracic outlet syndrome produces pain around the shoulder and above the clavicle, or collar bone. This pain is usually produced by certain positions of the arm. There can be numbness and tingling in the neck, shoulders, arms and hands. Weakness in the arms and hands may occur. Compromised circulation of blood may occur, varcharacterized by coldness, swelling and blueness in the hands and fingers, or an absent pulse in the wrist when raising the arm and turning the head toward the opposite shoulder.
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Medical Content Last Updated on 07/12/2008
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