Potassium exists as ions in the cells, blood and interstitial fluid (fluid between the cells). Maintaining normal potassium levels both within the cells and outside of the cells is critical for their function. This is particularly true of cells that contract, such as the heart or muscle cells, and cells that conduct nervous impulses. Imbalances of potassium can lead to hypokalemia (lowered levels of potassium) or hyperkalemia (increased levels of potassium).
Causes of Potassium Imbalance
Some of the causes of hyperkalemia are chronic kidney disease with kidney failure (failing kidneys eliminate potassium too slowly), use of oral potassium supplements, drugs such as ACE inhibitors, trimethoprim, NSAIDs, burns or crushing injuries, and Addison’s disease. Decreased levels of potassium can occur with the use of diuretic drugs for hypertension or heart failure, prolonged loss of body fluids from vomiting or diarrhea, and chronic kidney disease with kidney failure. There are many other causes of increased and decreased potassium levels.
Signs and Symptoms of Potassium Imbalance
Symptoms associated with both hypokalemia and hyperkalemia include weakness and various degrees of paralysis. If the weakness involves the respiratory muscles, it will lead to breathing difficulties. The heart beat may develop severe irregularities. These may be rapid, irregular, or occasionally slow heart-beat. Nausea and diarrhea may develop. Hypokalemia can lead to muscle pains and fatigue.
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Medical Content Last Updated on 07/12/2008
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