Osteomyelitis is an infection of the bone and bone marrow, and can involve any bone in the body. In children, the femur (upper leg bone), tibia (lower leg bone) or humerus or radius (bones in the arm) are more commonly affected. In adults, the pelvis or spine are more often affected. It is more common in rapidly growing children (5 to 14 years), especially males. Fractures, particularly those that have penetrated the skin may develop this disorder. Chronic infections of the bone may persist for years and be very resistant to treatment.
Causes of Osteomyelitis
Many cases of Osteomyelitis are caused by staphylococcal infection, but many other bacteria may be responsible. The bacteria may spread to the bone through a compound fracture that penetrates the skin. Blood poisoning or sepsis, where bacteria have invaded the blood stream, can lead to infections. Subcutaneous abscess or boils of the skin can extend to the bone. Infections of the sinuses and middle ear can lead to localized osteomyelitis that, in some cases, can produce infections in the brain. Surgical procedures that involve any bone can lead to acute or chronic infections.
Signs and Symptoms of Osteomyelitis
Symptoms of osteomyelitis include pain, swelling, warmth and tenderness in the area over the infected bone. Movement of the involved bone tends to worsen the pain. When the bone involved is near a joint, or part of a joint, the joint may appear read, warm and swollen as well. Children, even those too young to speak, will show a reluctance to move an arm or leg or refusal to walk or limping or screaming when the limb is touched or moved. Occasionally, the bone infection may lead to the development of a fistula, where pus drains through the skin. This can occur even in the absence of fever. Osteomyelitis can be associated with chronic illness, with loss of weight and loss of appetite.
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Medical Content Last Updated on 07/12/2008
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