The brain and spinal cord are surrounded by several membranes. The cerebrospinal fluid is trapped between the arachnoid and the brain/spinal cord. Infections of this membrane and the adjacent spinal fluid is called meningitis. Acute bacterial meningitis occurs when bacteria invade and multiply in this space. They may spread through the blood, or by direct extension from the bones, the middle ear, the sinuses or surgical sites. Chronic alcoholism, diabetes, organ transplantation and AIDS makes the individual more subject to developing bacterial meningitis. It occurs in all ages, but is more severe in persons under age 2 or over 60.
Causes of Meningitis, Bacterial
Bacteria may gain access to the spinal fluid through the blood stream. This may occur with respiratory infections, infections of the heart valve and bone infections. Infections from nearby structures may directly spread into the spinal fluid. This can occur from sinus infections, middle ear infections or through surgical trauma to the head and brain. Skull fractures, particularly those that occur at the base of the skull, may provide a pathway for bacteria to enter the spinal fluid pathways.
Signs and Symptoms of Meningitis, Bacterial
The symptoms of bacterial meningitis vary, depending on the severity and extent of the disease. Headache, fever and chills, and stiff neck are the major symptoms. Increased sensitivity to light, irregularity in the size of the pupils and nausea and vomiting may occur. A red or purple rash can develop on the skin. AS the disease progresses, stupor and coma can develop as well as seizures.
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Medical Content Last Updated on 07/12/2008
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