The four parathyroid glands are located at the four corners of the thyroid gland, in the base of the neck. They produce parathyroid hormone, which is essential for regulating the levels of calcium in the body. A decreased production of parathyroid hormone is termed hypoparathyroidism. It is a rare disorder. The form of the disease that occurs spontaneously is seen most often in children. In adults, iatrogenic disease is the most common, that is medical or surgical destruction or removal of the parathyroid glands.
Causes of Hypoparathyroidism
Hypoparathyroidism may be a complication of surgery on the parathyroid glands, the thyroid glands, or other neck tissues. The parathyroid glands can be damaged by autoimmune disorders, radiation to the neck or thyroid gland and hemochromatosis (disease in which excessive iron accumulates in the liver) The parathyroid glands can be absent from birth. Sometimes, no obvious explanation for the hypoparathyroid state is found.
Signs and Symptoms of Hypoparathyroidism
Hypoparathyroidism produces muscle cramps and spasms. This occur most commonly in the hands, feet and throat. Dry skin can develop as well as recurrent fungal infections. Splitting or splintering of the nails can occur. In children, poor tooth development and mental retardation might occur. Confusion, psychosis and seizures may occur. An irregular heart beat may be felt.
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Medical Content Last Updated on 07/12/2008
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