Hyperventilation occurs when breathing is in excess of what is required for the metabolic demands of the body. Due to the increased rate of breathing, the Carbon dioxide levels in the blood are decreased. This leads to changes in the pH, or acidity/alkalinity of the blood. These changes can have significant effects on the blood vessel walls. They can lead to constriction of some vessels, particularly in the brain. Changes in the pH of the blood due to reduced levels of carbon dioxide can also affect the levels of other electrolytes and influence the function of the kidneys.
Causes of Hyperventilation
A certain amount of the gas, carbon dioxide, is usually dissolved in the blood. The carbon dioxide is an important element of one of the blood's buffer systems, bicarbonate. These buffers help prevent excessive changes in the acidity of the blood. Excessive breathing allows more carbon dioxide to be removed from the lungs, than is created through the metabolic processes of the body. This change triggers extensive changes throughout the body, within the blood stream and within every cell.
Signs and Symptoms of Hyperventilation
Hyperventilation can be caused by either more rapid breathing than usual or by deeper breathing than usual. Early one, the person may begin to experience numbness and tingling around the mouth, hands and feet. Lightheadedness, dizziness and faintness may occur. Generalized weakness, muscle spasms and muscle contractions can develop, particularly in the hands and feet. Chest pain or chest discomfort can occur.
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Medical Content Last Updated on 07/12/2008
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