The thyroid gland in located at the base of the neck. In encircles the trachea, or windpipe. There is a right and left lobe that are connected in the middle by the isthmus. The gland produces thyroid hormone and calcitonin. The thyroid gland is regulated by the brain through the action of the pituitary gland. Thyroid hormone is an integral controller of the body's metabolism. Calcitonin, is a hormone that influences the amount of calcium in the blood. Hyperthyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland produces an excessive amount of thyroid hormone, or an excessive amount of the hormone is ingested or injected into the body. The most common form of this condition is Graves’ disease. Here, the most noticeable feature is bulging of the eyes. Hyperthyroidism is most common between the ages of 20 and 50, and is more common in women than men.
Causes of Hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism can be caused by an autoimmune disorder, where the body develops antibodies that stimulate the thyroid gland. Thyroid nodules or and thyroid tumors can develop which can produce excessive amounts of thyroid hormone. Thyroiditis, most commonly in the form of Hashimoto's disease, is caused by an antibody that causes the thyroid gland to lose function. It can lead to hyperthyroidism and eventually to hypothyroidism.
Signs and Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism
Symptoms of hyperthyroidism are variable. They often include hyperactivity, restlessness, sleeplessness and anxiety. A rapid or irregular heart beat or a pounding heart beat often occurs. There is cold intolerance, with people complaining of feeling warm or hot all the time. Weight loss despite increased appetite is seen. tremors, sweating, itching skin, older persons may gain weight, Fatigue and weakness may develop. The eyes may bulge out and double vision may occur. At times, diarrhea and alopecia, or hair loss, can occur. The thyroid gland may become enlarged, producing a goiter. Hyperthyroidism may produce temporary reddening of the skin or flushing.
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Medical Content Last Updated on 07/12/2008
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