The adrenal glands sit on the top of the kidneys. They are responsible for producing several hormones, one of which is aldosterone. Hyperaldosteronism is an endocrine disease caused by overproduction of aldosterone. Excess of this hormone causes the kidneys to absorb too much sodium and water and eliminate too much potassium. It is more common in adults between ages 30 and 50, and can affect both sexes. There are two major categories of hyperaldosteronism, primary and secondary. In the primary form of the disease. the cause for increased levels of this hormone reside within the adrenal gland. In secondary hyperaldosteronism, the stimulation is outside of the adrenal glands.
Causes of Hyperaldosteronism
Increased adrenal secretion of aldosterone can be caused by a tumor of the adrenal glands or by generalized hyperplasia, or overgrowth, of the adrenal gland. Diseases of the kidney, such as fibromuscular dysplasia and atherosclerosis, can both narrow the renal arteries. This can lead to an increased production in the kidneys of a hormone (renin) that controls aldosterone levels.
Signs and Symptoms of Hyperaldosteronism
The symptoms caused by Hyperaldosteronism are caused by the electrolyte and fluid changes. They include fatigue, weakness and, sometimes, even temporary paralysis. Tingling sensations may occur in the arms, legs, hands and feet. Similarly, severe muscles spasms may occur. Frequent urination develops, particularly at night. In combination with increased urination is increased thirst. Visual disturbances can occur. Irregularities of the rate and rhythm of the heart can develop from changes in potassium concentration in the blood and in then heart cells.
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Medical Content Last Updated on 07/12/2008
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