AIDS was first recognized as a distinct clinical entity in 1981. This disease occurs when the HIV, or human immunodeficiency virus, enters the body. It damages a particular group of white cells, called T lymphocytes. These cells are reduced in number and in function. As a consequence, the immune system begins to fail. The body cannot defend itself against various infections or tumors. Infection with HIV is apparent when it leads to a decrease in the number helper T cells. Usually, there are no clinical symptoms at this time. When other symptoms develop, such as swollen lymph nodes and fever, the disorder is termed AIDS related complex, or ARC. When the immune system is impaired to the point that opportunistic infections occur, that is infections that do not normally occur, the disorder is designated as AIDS. AIDS is epidemic throughout the world, particularly in some countries and some continents.
Causes of Hiv And Aids
AIDS is caused by the HIV (human immunodeficiency virus). This virus invades and destroys cells of the immune system, resulting in lowered resistance to infections and some cancers.
Signs and Symptoms of Hiv And Aids
Initial infection with the HIV virus may produce no symptoms or may produce mild, transient symptoms, such as sore throat, fever, rash and swollen lymph nodes. As the disease progresses, and the immune system become more compromised, fatigue, unexplained weight loss, night sweats and swollen lymph glands may occur. Further damage to the immune system leads to skin infections, skin cancers, mouth sores, chronic diarrhea and recurrent cough or pneumonia. Diffuse lumps in the neck, armpit and groin may be found and there is often chronic fever. Confusion, dementia and even coma may occur.
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Medical Content Last Updated on 07/12/2008
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