Guillain-Barre syndrome is an acute inflammatory condition of the nervous system. It can lead to minor or severe damage to some or all of the peripheral nervous system. The disease results in damage or destruction to the myelin sheath of the nerves. This sheath enwraps the nerves and is important for allow efficient conduction through the nerves. It usually begins in the arms and legs, but occasionally may develop in the face and throat. There can be sensory, or motor changes or both. It can strike any age and both sexes, but is most common between 30 and 50 years of age. The disease frequently follows a viral illness, an immunization or the physiological stress of surgery. After a period of time that can range from weeks to months, the myelin sheath repairs itself and the symptoms disappear. About 10% of those afflicted have some residual neurological deficits.
Causes of Guillain-barrÉ Syndrome
The cause of Guillian-Barre syndrome is unknown. However, in two-thirds of the cases the disorder occurs after a viral infection. In may also occur after minor surgery or following an immunization. These occurrence may suggest an autoimmune mechanism, where the body's immune system inadvertently targets some component of the myelin sheath of the nerves. As the myelin sheath is damaged or destroyed, the nerves can no longer conduct normally, and cease to function.
Signs and Symptoms of Guillain-barrÉ Syndrome
Guillian-Barre syndrome produces changes in sensation or weakness. The early stages of the disease often involve the arms or legs. The disease may progress, frequently over several days. The muscles of breathing can be affected, in its severest form eventually leading to the requirement of a ventilator. Complete paralysis may develop, including muscles that move the eyes and allow for swallowing, and can last for many months. There may be cold hands or feet, rapid heart beat and sweating. Recovery can take weeks months, and often requires extensive physical therapy to strengthen the involved muscles once they have had there nerve recover.
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Medical Content Last Updated on 07/12/2008
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