The epiglottis is a small flap of tissue that hangs down from the upper part of the back of the throat. It helps to protect the airway. At times, the epiglottis may become infected. It often begins like other upper respiratory tract infections. However, epiglottitis is sudden and can be very serious or life-threatening. Complete blockage of the airway is possible within 12 hours of onset, due to the swelling of the epiglottis. Occasionally, tracheotomy is necessary to maintain an adequate airway.
Causes of Epiglottitis
Epiglottitis is caused by a bacterial infection of the epiglottis. The bacteria that are most commonly involved include Haemophilus influenzae, pneumococcus or Streptococcus. The epiglottis can also be injured by trauma and may swell up in allergic reactions.
Signs and Symptoms of Epiglottitis
Epiglottitis produces a muffled voice or cry. Unlike disorders that it might be confused with, such as croup, there is minimal cough. There is sore throat and pain with swallowing. As the swelling worsens, there can be difficulty swallowing and drooling can occur. When the epiglottis enlarges enough to compromise the airway, breathing difficulty can develop. There may be stridor, which are sounds produced as the air passes through a narrowed passage. The disease, which is most common in children, sometimes causes the person to hold their head in an odd posture. As breathing becomes more difficult, the tongue is stuck out, the nostrils flared and the skin, nails and lips appear dusky or purple. Lack of oxygen can lead to confusion, agitation, stupor and coma.
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Medical Content Last Updated on 07/12/2008
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