Emphysema is a condition in which the small air sacs in the lungs, or alveoli, become overstretched. This condition is chronic, and leads to destruction of the elastic fibers that open and close the air sacs during breathing. Emphysema usually has its onset in the sixth and seventh decades of life. It more commonly occurs in men than in women and smoking is it primary causative agent. It affects the function of the lungs and the ability to exchange gases between the blood and the air. As the disease progresses, it is frequently necessary for people who develop this disorder to require supplemental oxygen.
Causes of Emphysema
The major cause behind emphysema is chronic smoking. In addition, air pollution, and chronic inflammation of the air sacs can lead to this disorder. People who have the genetic disorder, alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency, may develop emphysema.
Signs and Symptoms of Emphysema
The early stages of emphysema often do not have any symptoms. As the disease progresses, however, and more of the lung is damaged or destroyed, shortness of breath and difficulty breathing develop. Progression of the disease oven occurs over a number of years. People who develop emphysema usually have little tolerance for exercise. Due to the chronic nature of the disorder, the development of a barrel chest sometimes occurs. Recurrent infections of the lungs, including pneumonia and bronchitis, are common complications seen with emphysema.
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Medical Content Last Updated on 07/12/2008
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