Infection in the middle ear is not contagious, but the preceding respiratory infection causing it may be. The middle ear contains the ossicles, or bones, that are able to transfer sound waves into the air into vibrations or movements of these bones. These bones connect to the eardrum on one side, and to the cochlea on the other side. the cochlea and vestibular apparatus form the inner ear. There are nerves that pass through this area. The middle ear is connected to the nasal cavity by the Eustachian tube. It allows the air pressure in the middle ear to be the same as the surrounding atmosphere. Middle ear infections are more common in infants and young children.
Causes of Otitis Media
Middle ear infections are caused by viral or bacterial infections. These infections frequently spread to the middle ear by way of the Eustachian tube. The Eustachian tube connect the middle ear to the nasal cavity. The infections that spread to the middle ear in this fashion are usually termed upper-respiratory tract infections. They typically involve the nasal cavity, the throat or the sinuses. Allergies and enlarged adenoids, which are lymph tissue at the back of the nose, both can obstruct the Eustachian tube. This blockage can lead to recurrent infections. The middle ear can also become infected when the ear drum is disrupted. Fractures of the base of the skull can also lead to middle ear infections.
Signs and Symptoms of Otitis Media
Middle ear infections typically produce earache and a feeling of fullness in the ear. There may be varying degrees of hearing loss and dizziness. Discharge from the ear may occur. Fever and irritability are common. In small children, diarrhea, vomiting and pulling at the ear are common.
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Medical Content Last Updated on 07/12/2008
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