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Dementia
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Overview of Dementia 
Dementia describes a state in which the normal functions of the brain, such as memory, abstract thinking and analysis become impaired. It can occur from many different types of diseases. The diseases that produce this disorder can affect the environment of the brain cells, they can affect the blood or oxygen supply to the brain cells or they can affect the brain cells, themselves.
Causes of Dementia
Dementia develops from a variety of disorders. These include diseases that lead to loss of brain cells or damaged brain cells, such as Alzheimer's disease. Decreased blood flow to the brain from atherosclerosis or repeated strokes can lead to dementia. Severe or repeated head injuries will eventually lead to gradual dysfunction of the brain, often varcharacterized by dementia. Brain tumors, especially those of the frontal lobes, can lead to behavior changes, confusion, and memory problems. Diseases such as AIDS can lead to direct infection of the brain or to diffuse, opportunistic infections that gradually and severely affect brain function. Parkinson's disease, which produces problems with movements, has as one of its major symptoms the development of signs and symptoms of dementia. Some hereditary disorders, such as Huntington's chorea, also produce dementia. Hypothyroidism, central nervous system involvement with syphilis, hydrocephalus, vitamin B deficiency and some medications can also lead to the development of dementia.
Signs and Symptoms of Dementia
Symptoms of dementia include progressive problems with memory function, especially short term. Changes in behavior can occur, usually producing violent or belligerent behavior. Confusion and disorientation may occur. Loss of interest in normal activities often occurs in conjunction with depression. Poor personal hygiene is couples with lack of concern for personal appearance. Sleep disturbances, poor judgment and incontinence develop.
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Medical Content Last Updated on 07/12/2008
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