Bronchitis can be divided into acute and chronic forms. In the acute form, the trachea and bronchi, or the large airways of the lungs, become inflamed. The infection generally spreads through the bronchi. A deep cough occurs that usually brings up yellowish sputum. In chronic bronchitis there is chronic inflammation and thickening of the lining of the bronchial tubes. As these airways narrow, there might be difficulty breathing. There is often large amounts of mucus produced, further impairing breathing. Most people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have a combination of emphysema and bronchitis.
Causes of Bronchitis, Acute
Most cases of acute bronchitis initially begin with a cold virus in the nose and throat which then spreads to the airways. Following the inflammation that occurs from the viral infection, a secondary bacterial infection develops in the airways. Allergic bronchitis and chemical bronchitis can develop from breathing contaminated air, such as chemical fumes (ammonia), acid fumes, dust or smoke. Inflammation of the bronchioles that is caused by any of these disorders can also lead to secondary bacterial infection and acute bronchitis.
Signs and Symptoms of Bronchitis, Acute
Symptoms of acute bronchitis include cough that produces little or no sputum initially, but does later on. Mild fever (usually less than 101° F or 38.3° C). Chest discomfort occurs, that is aggravated with coughing. Sometimes there is a pressure sensation in the chest associated with wheezing or difficulties breathing.
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Medical Content Last Updated on 07/12/2008
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