Brain or epidural abscess describes the condition in which a bacterial infection occurs in the brain or the outermost of three membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord. It is usually caused by bacteria and leads to the formation of an abscess, or walled off area filled with pus.
Causes of Brain Or Epidural Abscess
Brain abscesses commonly develop when bacteria from some other site gain access to the blood stream. They may be deposited anywhere within the brain. Here, they multiply and form an abscess. Infections of the sinuses, the skull and middle ear can lead to epidural infections. These can spread directly, or through small vascular channels, into the brain. Fractures of the outer part of the skull or fractures of the base of the skull (basilar skull fractures) can disrupt the barriers that normally protect the brain. Bacteria can gain access and lead to the formation of a brain abscess or epidural abscess.
Signs and Symptoms of Brain Or Epidural Abscess
Symptoms of a Brain abscess usually appear gradually over several hours or several days. As they enlarge, they may produce symptoms similar to a brain tumor or stroke. There is headache and sometimes nausea and vomiting. The part of the brain which is affected may not function normally. This can lead to weakness or paralysis, changes in sensation, speech difficulties, balance difficulties, lethargy and coma. Not uncommonly, a brain abscess may irritate the surrounding brain and lead to the development of a seizure, or convulsion. It the abscess ruptures into the ventricular system, the cavities within the brain where spinal fluid is produced, it can rapidly lead to hydrocephalus and meningitis. When the infection involves the outer layer of the linings of the brain, an abscess develops between the bone and the dura. In the brain, this is between the skull or facial bones and the dura. This type of infection most commonly arises from infections of the middle ear or paranasal sinuses. Epidural infections can be associated with infections of the bone, or osteomyelitis.
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Medical Content Last Updated on 07/12/2008
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