Severe infections in which the body's defenses are being overrun are termed sepsis. Frequently, infections become severe enough that bacteria or fungi are actively spreading within the blood stream. Some bacteria can release substances, such as toxins, that further compromise the individual. Low blood pressue frequently occurs, termed septic shock. This state can lead to further damage of various organs as the body tries desperately to divert essential blood to the brain, the heart and the kidneys.
People appear gravely ill. They are ashen color, breathing rapidly and listless.
Underlying diseases, such as AIDS or cancer, increase the chance of developing sepsis by impairing the immune system.
Similarly, very young babies, who have not fully developed their immune systems, are at increased risk or develping sepsis.
The elderly population, especially those with other medical illnesses such as diabetes, may be at increased risk as well. is is due to an aging and impaired immune system.T
The number of people dying from sepsis has almost doubled in the past 20 years. This is not because doctors cannot care for people who have sepsis but because the number of people who get sepsis has increased.
There has been a large increase because doctors have started treating cancer patients and organ transplant patients, among others, with strong medications that weaken the immune system.
Unfortunately, the era of antibiotics and our tendency to overuse antibiotics to treat illnesses caused by viruses and not bacteria, has led to bacteria that are increasingly resistant to antibiotic therapy. Sepsis then becomes more probably.
Causes of Sepsis
Many infections can lead to overwhelming infection, or sepsis. Bacteria are the most common cause. However, viruses and fungi can also cause sepsis. Infections in the lungs (pneumonia), bladder and kidneys (urinary tract infections), skin (cellulitis), abdomen (such as appendicitis), and other organs (such as meningitis) can spread and lead to sepsis. Infections that develop after surgery can also lead to sepsis.
Signs and Symptoms of Sepsis
Sepsis is usually associated with fever and shaking chills. Overwhelming infection may at times be associated with normal or low temperatures. Either fever or low blood pressue will cause the heart to beat very rapidly. Similarly, breathing will be fast and at times, shallow.
Confusion, disorientation, and agitation may be seen as well as dizziness and decreased urination.
Certain types of infections are associated with the development of rashes. These may be a reddish discoloration or small dark red dots throughout the body.
At times, you may also develop pain in the joints at your wrists, elbows, back, hips, knees, and ankles.
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Medical Content Last Updated on 07/12/2008
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