Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia. About 3% of all cases of pneumonia in the United States are caused by this organism. The incubation period is about 3 weeks. Intermittent epidemics of Mycoplasma pneumonia occur every 4-8 years, usually in closed populations, such as military units. Males are affected more often than females. The course of the disease is usually indolent, with gradual recovery. It is most common in the first two decades of life.
Causes of Mycoplasma Pneumonia
The organism responsible for this infection, first thought to be a virus, is a form of bacteria that lacks a cell wall. It belongs to the family of Mollicutes, the smallest known free-living microorganisms. The prolonged cough seen in this disease is thought to be due to the inhibition of ciliary movement. The cilia are small hairs that project off of the respiratory cells. The organism displays two properties that seem to explain the progress of the disease. First, the organism has an affinity for respiratory epithelial cells. Second, the organism produces hydrogen peroxide. It is this latter compound that is thought to be the mechanism through which the initial cell disruption in the respiratory tract occurs. It is also thought to be the means through which red cell membranes are damaged.
Signs and Symptoms of Mycoplasma Pneumonia
Mycoplasma pneumonia is a disease that unfolds slowly over several weeks. Symptoms usually include fever, malaise and dry cough. Headache may occur. Chills may occur. As the cough progresses it can produce a sore chest, chest pain with breathing and a scratchy sore throat. The pneumonia usually improves over several weeks, although a cough may last up to 6 weeks.
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Medical Content Last Updated on 07/12/2008
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