Diabetic neuropathy is a late complication of Diabetes mellitus. It can affect almost any region of the nervous system. Any of the nerves may be involved, including the autonomic nervous system. The autonomic nervous system is integral in the function of blood pressure, gastrointestinal function, bowel, bladder and sexual function. The nerves can be affected individually or the entire peripheral nervous system may be involved.
Causes of Diabetic Neuropathy
The cause of diabetic neuropathy is not clearly known. It is postulated that glucose may be changed into sorbitol. The sorbitol may act as a tissue toxin.
Signs and Symptoms of Diabetic Neuropathy
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy usually produces symptoms that are symmetric. Frequently, there is numbness, tingling, pain and increased sensitivity to touch. The pain may be worse at night. When the nerves of the legs are involved, there may be difficulties with walking and unsteady gait. Mononeuropathy occurs when only one nerve is involved. It can lead to wrist drop or foot drop. Involvement of the nerves going to the eyes can produce a drooping eyelid and double vision. Diabetic radiculopathy most commonly involves the nerves of the abdomen and chest wall. It leads to a band of pain and discomfort. Numbness or increased sensitivity to touch can occur. It produces symptoms that are similar to Herpes zoster. Autonomic neuropathy involves the nerves of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. It leads to changes in the gastrointestinal tract. These changes include difficulties swallowing, constipation and diarrhea. Diarrhea may particularly occur at night. Lightheadedness may occur when standing up. Urinary incontinence may develop. In men, erectile dysfunction and retrograde ejaculation into the bladder may occur. Diabetic amyotrophy produces weakness and atrophy of the large muscles of the pelvis or upper leg.
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Medical Content Last Updated on 07/12/2008
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