Acute infections of the urinary tract can be subdivided into processes that affect the lower or upper portion of the urinary tract. These areas may become infected independent of one another, or may be infected at the same time. The lower urinary tract includes the urethra, the bladder and in men, the prostate gland. The upper urinary tract includes the kidney and ureters.
Causes of Urinary Tract Infection
Infections of the urinary tract are very common, particularly in women. Due to the short urethra and its anatomical configuration, bacteria can easily gain access to the bladder in women. Invasive procedures where catheters are placed in the bladder can lead to infections. Obstruction of the urinary tract which can occur with stones, tumors and strictures may lead to secondary urinary tract infections. Sexually transmitted diseases may lead to infections of the urinary tract and its accessory organs, such as the prostate, testicles and ovaries.
Signs and Symptoms of Urinary Tract Infection
Urinary tract infections may remain asymptomatic. When the urine is infected, there is often irritation of the bladder and urethra. This leads to burning, painful urination that occurs frequently. There is also a frequent urge to urinate. Often, the person may only be able to eliminate a small volume to urine. Infections of the kidney and ureter often produce back and flank pain. The pain may radiate into the groin or lower abdomen. Fever and chills are particularly associated with infections of the Kidney. Obstruction of the flow of urine, that can occur with stones or tumors, can also lead to infections. Stones often will produce severe back or flank pain. The pain may occur in the lower abdomen or genitals as the stones progress through the ureter to the bladder. Secondary infections can easily develop when the urinary passages are blocked. The symptoms are similar to those described above.
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Medical Content Last Updated on 07/12/2008
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