The spine consists of a series of bony segments that are separated from one another by fibrous discs. The bones and discs are surrounded and connected together by a series of tough ligaments. The spinal cord and the cauda equina pass through the spinal canal in the upper and lower regions of the spine, respectively. Between each set of bones, a set of spinal nerves exits to supply the various organs of the body. Hyperextension injuries of the spine usually involve the mobile segments. These include the cervical spine, in the neck, and the lumbar spine, in the low back. Hyperextension of these segments can lead to rupture of the ligaments that connect the various segments together. Hyperextension can also lead to fractures as the posterior aspects of the spine are forced together. In areas where the ligaments that connect the adjacent bones together have thickened from degeneration, hyperextension can cause the ligament to fold up and thicken. This thickening can compress or damage the spinal cord. Severe disruptions of the disc can occur, if it is torn during the hyperextension process. Marked instability of the spine can occur, potentially threatening the delicate neurological structures normally protected by the intact spine.
Causes of Hyperextension Injury Of The Spine
Hyperextension injuries of the spine are due to traumatic injuries. They may be associated with distraction injuries in which the spine is pulled apart in the vertical plane.
Signs and Symptoms of Hyperextension Injury Of The Spine
Localized pain at the site of injury is common. Muscle spasms may develop in response to the injuries or in response to irritation or damage of the nerves and spinal cord. Swelling is common. Limited, if any, motion tends to occur at these damaged areas of the spine. If the spinal cord or nerves are damaged, various degrees of neurological loss will occur. This usually entails weakness, sensory loss, tingling, disturbances of gait, and possibly dysfunction of bowel, bladder and sexual function.
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Medical Content Last Updated on 07/12/2008
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