Conditions that damage the liver may impair blood flow from the intestinal tract to the liver. This can result in increased pressure in that portion of the vascular system. The veins of the gastrointestinal tract become distended and fragile. When this condition occurs in the esophagus, it is referred to as esophageal varices. They usually occur at the lower part of the esophagus. Heavy bleeding often occurs when they rupture leading to anemia or shock. This disorder occurs most commonly in adult males. Risk factors include chronic alcoholism.
Causes of Esophageal Varices
Esophageal varices typically develops when the liver is diseased producing cirrhosis. Conditions that commonly produce this include chronic hepatitis, chronic alcohol abuse, and Schistosomiasis.
Signs and Symptoms of Esophageal Varices
Spontaneous bleeding in the esophagus occurs. People may vomit blood or have black, tarry stools. Abdominal distension or swelling occurs. Veins may become large and visible on the abdomen. Significant blood loss can cause pallor, fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, and rapid heart rate.
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Medical Content Last Updated on 07/12/2008
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